The recent Dublin City Taskforce report, published at the end of October, recommended how multiple state and semi-state agencies can collaborate to effect a strategic overhaul of Dublin’s city centre. The role of private developers, investment funds, and institutions is equally important, and perhaps even more so, but for these to be enabled, state actors must evolve and facilitate quicker decision-making.

UK real estate will need to adapt to wetter, hotter and colder environments ESG regulations, government policy and occupiers will demand real estate fit for purpose in extreme weather Green buildings are being demanded by policy, consumers and investors.

A number of government policy moves, regardless of how well-intentioned, have created further problems that could hamper accommodation supply.

The first few months of the new Labour government have been reassuring for the property industry, and indeed the house buyer, with major planning reforms on the way, and a streamlining of efforts to re-develop brownfield land. Most notably, the new Chancellor ruled out the possibility of rent controls in her first week in office.

While the "S" in ESG may be five to 10 years behind its environmental counterpart in terms of legislation and regulation, changing consumer attitudes are fuelling a surge of interest in delivering – and measuring – social value.

Planning regulations already mean building must be environmentally friendly, but a commercial industry has developed to capitalise on the need to be seen to be green.

Despite an estate weighing in at 6.9 million hectares, the NHS land portfolio is used poorly. Hospitals and services are creaking while staff often struggle to find affordable homes nearby. Most NHS workers spend close to 50% of take-home pay on housing.

As another UN Climate Change Conference, Cop 28, comes to a lacklustre close in Dubai, with key elements again watered down by vested interests, it is worth relating this back to property, and particularly the office sector.